The integration of syria s conflict with the arab uprisings, 201120 article pdf available in research and politics october 2014 with 1,267 reads. They also wanted more democracy, and end to corruption, and economic opportunity. Since then, the middle east has seen a transformation, but while some leaders were deposed, others remain in. The arab spring and the subsequent wars in the region temporarily weakened ruling regimes egypt or led to the collapse of regional powers syria, libya, while the rise of daesh or the socalled islamic state of iraq and syria isis put the. Yemen, sudan and syria not forgetting israelpalestine. Syrian civil war there had been several governmental regimes before the arab spring in syria.
Sectarianism and power maintenance in the arab spring. When asked about his opinion on the arab spring movement king abdullah ii of jordan answered, whether its a year from now, five years or ten years, all of us will say it was a good thing because it is a defining moment in arab history king 3. On the other hand, the arab spring also serves as a domestic test of the putin system. Five years after the start of the arab uprisings, mainstream islamist groups find themselves between what has been termed the twin shocks of the arab spring. Part of the arab spring, the arab winter, and the spillover of the iraqi conflict. From revolution to civil war 78 zones and does not tightly define civil war versus other intrastate conflict. As it revolutionizes the middle east, power changes hands in tunisia, libya and egypt. Syria s protests begin in march of the next year, when. This part of the research focuses on the root causes and consequences of the arab spring that affected tunisia, egypt, libya and syria. Although many complicated motives led to the syrian civil war, one event, known as the arab spring, stands out as perhaps the most significant. Jul 17, 2017 in 2011, the arab spring swept through the middle east with the prospect of change. Arab spring as a background of civil war in syria in.
The arab spring in tunisia was a synonym of change for the youth in political and economical issues, however, the failure. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. The name alassad rings a huge bell in the long history of the political system as. From arab spring to economic winter journal of international studies. I conclude by discussing the broader implications of international pow ers responses to the syrian crisis. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement.
The arab spring and the emergence of the syrian crisis springerlink. Marxist circles and parties set up in the arab world with moscows help had little influence, and local liberation movements did not depend on the bolsheviks. The situation began to change after world war ii, when, flush with vic. As region countries, tunisia, egypt, libya and syria are taken into consideration in which arab spring has major impacts. In the heady days of 2011 the arab spring seemed to many like a.
The popular protests resulted in changes in office in egypt, tunisia and libya whereas in syria the regime remained in power despite strong popular uprising and ongoing civil war. Executions in idlib governorate execution of fighters in first defense line, march 11, 2012 mass executions at the bilal mosque, march 11, 2012 executions of four residents in ayn larouz village, midmarch 2012 execution of two. An analysis of recent policy responses in sweden and france and how the united states is following suit, ben gottesdeiner 98 76 passing the test. Apr 03, 2012 the russian government, like its counterparts in the west, the middle east, and elsewhere, was caught off guard by the outburst of arab uprisings beginning in january 2011 that swept away longruling authoritarian regimes in tunisia, egypt, libya, and it appears yemen, and have threatened to topple those in bahrain and syria. Search strategies this list of keywords and phrases will allow you to hone your search for materials on syria during the arab spring. The arab spring and the emergence of the syrian crisis. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. This paper focuses on the nature and development of these arab spring uprisings in libya and syria, centering on civil war concerns in the two. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d.
From the aftermath of the arab spring in the middle east to radicalisation and immigration issues in europe takes a closer look at russias activities. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. From revolution to civil war, which discusses various forms of advanced communication and the crossnational interconnectedness they promote. Germanys approach to related countries is evaluated during 20102014 period. Syria this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. When the revolution broke out in march 2011, i was an english language lecturer at damascus university. This paper focuses on the nature and development of these arab spring uprisings in libya and syria, centering on civil war concerns in the two nations. Furthermore, the revolutions of the arab spring have serious ramifications for already existing refugee populations, notably the more than one million iraqi refugees that have settled in syria. Powersharing and civic political action in lebanon in democratic transition in the middle east. Pdf arab spring as a background of civil war in syria. Turkeys role in the arab spring and the syrian conflict tpq.
This pdf document is a list of the arabic materials that are available at the university of illinois in regards to syria s role in the arab spring. Turkish involvement in the arab spring and the syrian civil war began at a time when turkeys impressive record of democratic progress and economic growth in the 2000s fueled remarkable optimism domestically and internationally about the countrys potentially democratizing influence in the greater middle east, often discussed as the turkish model. But the essays collected in this slim volume make a compelling case that the consequences of climate change are stressors that can ignite a volatile mix of underlying causes. Sep 18, 2018 although many complicated motives led to the syrian civil war, one event, known as the arab spring, stands out as perhaps the most significant trigger for the conflict. There are many conflicting and complementary arguments that surround the true cause of the unrest within the middle east that resulted in the arab spring movement and the ongoing syrian. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center 5 introduction. The arab spring started in countries that actually had economic growth. Although the arab spring in syria followed the same pattern as it had in tunisia, egypt. Pdf how did syrias conflict interact with the broader wave of regional protest known as the arab spring. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. In the paper the reasons of outbreak of conflict in syria at the background of social and political situation of the arab world at the beginning of 21st century were presented.
Since then, the middle east has seen a transformation, but while some leaders were deposed, others remain in power. The dataset also includes morocco, a distant arab country which did not have a major arab spring uprising, and oman, a gulf state which did not play a major role in syria. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and bahrain. I dont need to explain the significance of the arab spring to this audience. German institute for international and security affairs, march 2014 and citizens of the void. Iran finds its revolutionary message diluted and overtaken by events. Financial pressures top every list of catalysts and causes of the arab spring, espeeially when cormption at the hands of the mling and social elite is added. Its crisis of legitimacy had become apparent with the outbreak of mass demonstrations in december 2011. The russian government, like its counterparts in the west, the middle east, and elsewhere, was caught off guard by the outburst of arab uprisings beginning in january 2011 that swept away longruling authoritarian regimes in tunisia, egypt, libya, and it appears yemen, and have threatened to topple those in bahrain and syria. Although similar impulses have instigated the uprisings a mix of a desire for political participation and a demand for economic. Libya, and syria, have been termed the arab spring.
Keywords united nations, human rights, military intervention, peace restoration, arab countries, democracy. In december 2010, protests began against the autocratic government in the northern african country of tunisia. The arab spring and its unintended effects in syria. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab. The influence of displeasure explosion against governments in tunisia, libya and egypt, known as arab spring, on the situation in syria was described. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. The arab spring and climate change does not argue that climate change caused the revolutions that have shaken the arab world over the past two years. Syria arab spring libguides at university of illinois. Dec 06, 2017 the arab spring protests began seven years ago. She studies the arab spring uprisings of 2011, which triggered a cascade of social movements to spur regime. Mar 14, 2017 turkish involvement in the arab spring and the syrian civil war began at a time when turkeys impressive record of democratic progress and economic growth in the 2000s fueled remarkable optimism domestically and internationally about the countrys potentially democratizing influence in the greater middle east, often discussed as the turkish model.
Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Revolution in tunisia sparks an arab spring of popular revolt against governments across the middle east and north africa. From revolution to civil war maya bhardwaj international policy responses to digital intellectual property infringement. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Neither receives any appreciable level of attention, which provides a useful validity check on the assumed significance of the twitter mentions. Arab spring, while the demands of protestors and revolutionaries were more mundane. Part three discusses the role of western and regional powers and their intentions to shape the outcome of the uprising. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. The geopolitics of the region grc paper the arab spring has yet to give way to the hopedfor glorious summer, but for iran it has already turned into a winter of discontent. Hundreds of thousands of tunisians took to the streets calling for an end to authoritarian rule.
The response of the russian government to these events has, like. Pdf in the paper the reasons of outbreak of conflict in syria at the background of social and political situation of the arab world at the. Syria saudi arabias king abdullah demands an end to the bloodshed in syria and recalls his countrys ambassadors. In 2011, the arab spring swept through the middle east with the prospect of change. This special issue of the estonian journal of military studies titled russia, syria and the west. The integration of syrias conflict with the arab uprisings, 201120 article pdf available in research and politics october 2014 with 1,267 reads.
Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. I conclude by discussing the broader implications of international powers responses to the syrian crisis. The promise of the arab spring has given way to syria s highly visible and protracted violence, divisive identity politics, focus on international intervention, crushing of expectations. The purpose of the arab spring was to bring democracy, freedom and a better life for people. The syrian uprisings transformation to civil war is a result of the assads. June 2011 03 yemen president saleh survives an apparent assassination attempt. Other arab countries experiencing popular protests arab spring countries were referenced far more often in 2011 than were syrias immediate neighbors, while keyword analysis shows the framing of the conflict in terms of syrias regime aligned the conflict with other arab uprisings. Such state of affairs requires careful reading and reaction from the international community, especially in a period of economic crisis and widespread differentlymotivated social disturbances. But in syria, that movement turned into a bloody civil war with chaos and destruction. The arab springs looming refugee crisis foreign policy.
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